For advanced learners: sophisticated financial and macroeconomic terminology found in policy papers, analyst reports, and financial journalism.
Free Money & Finance vocabulary flashcards at the C1 level — all 35 words with definitions and examples. Study them with spaced repetition and use these words precisely, including nuance most learners miss.
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fiduciary
relating to the legal duty to act in the best financial interests of another person
solvency
the condition of having enough assets to cover all debts and long-term financial obligations
monetary policy
actions taken by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates to manage inflation and growth
venture capital
private funding provided to early-stage companies with high growth potential in exchange for equity
insolvency
the state of being unable to pay debts when they fall due, which may lead to bankruptcy
moral hazard
the tendency to take greater risks when you know you will not bear the full consequences of failure
principal
the original sum of money borrowed or invested, excluding any interest or earnings
stagflation
an unusual economic condition where high inflation and stagnant growth occur at the same time
nominal vs real
the distinction between figures that include inflation and those adjusted to remove inflation's effect
frugal
careful not to spend more money than necessary
extravagant
spending much more money than is necessary or sensible
affluent
having a lot of money and a comfortable standard of living
impoverished
having very little money and few possessions
prudent
careful and sensible when making decisions, especially about money
exorbitant
much higher than what is reasonable, especially describing a price
shrewd
clever and good at making sensible decisions, especially about money
indebted
owing money to someone else
squander
to waste money, time, or an opportunity carelessly
haggle
to argue about the price of something before agreeing to pay it
barter
to exchange goods or services for other goods or services instead of money
accumulate
to gradually collect or gain more of something over time
economise
to save money by spending less than before
splurge
to spend a lot of money on something enjoyable but not necessary
accrue
to gradually increase in amount over time, especially money or interest
windfall
a large amount of money that someone receives unexpectedly
nest egg
a sum of money saved for the future, especially for retirement
inheritance
money or property that someone receives from a relative who has died
annuity
a fixed sum of money paid to someone regularly, usually after retirement
outgoings
the regular amounts of money that a person or household spends
disposable income
the money a person has left to spend or save after paying taxes and essential bills
levy
an amount of money, such as a tax, that people are officially required to pay
pittance
a very small amount of money, especially as payment for work
stipend
a fixed regular payment, often given to students or trainees
gratuity
a formal word for a small amount of money given for good service
surcharge
an extra amount of money added to the usual price or fee